From the Middle Ages, beets (aka beetroot) were used as a treatment for a variety of conditions, especially illnesses related to digestion and the blood. In recent years, the beetroot and beetroot juice, otherwise known as Beta vulgaris rubra, have attracted much attention as a health-promoting, functional food.
With scientific interest in beets only having gained momentum in the past few years, let’s dive into its nutrient background, health benefits and how to use this powerful liquid.
What Is Beet Juice?
Beets are a part of the plant family called Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae. Sometimes called beetroot juice, beet juice and beat come from the root part of the plant.
Beetroot leaves were historically consumed before the roots ever were, even though today many people prefer to consume the sweet roots and discard the more bitter but very beneficial greens and stems. The beetroot taste is described as sweet, earthy and tender to eat. Grown in the ground, it’s related to turnips, swedes and sugar beet.
Nutrition-rich Swiss chard varieties and other root vegetables are also part of this family, explaining why they share beets’ earthy but sweet taste.
When compared with beet benefits, drinking beetroot juice provides a more sudden boost of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, carotenes, phenolic acids and phytoestrogens to the body. This helps improve cardiac and immunity function.
Drinking beet juice also introduces a greater concentration of potassium than when eating the vegetable. Beet juice provides more nutritious value than consuming cooked beets because the heat reduces the nutrient content.
In fact, drinking beetroot juice is one of the best ways to detoxify the body — boosting the function of all bodily systems. Beet kvass is also a great detoxifying drink and has a similar nutritional profile to beetroot juice, with the exception that it contains less sugar.
Also beet powder, or beetroot powder, is now considered a superfood and comes from diet, ground beets.
Nutrition Facts
One important compound found in beetroot juice is nitrate. You may have heard about nitrates in the past and how they are harmful when consumed through products like deli meats, bacon or other low-quality packaged meats, but the type of nitrates found in whole foods like beets is actually very beneficial.
In the human body, inorganic nitrate converts to nitric oxide, which relaxes and dilates blood vessels. Beetroot takes up nitrate from soil, just like many other leafy greens, such as cabbage and lettuce.
In addition to nitrates, one cup (about 136 grams) of raw beets, from which beetroot juice is made, contains approximately:
- Calories: 58.5
- Total Carbohydrates: 13 g
- Fiber: 3.8 g
- Sugar: 9.2 g
- Total Fat: 0.2 g
- Saturated Fat: 0.04 g
- Polyunsaturated Fat: 0.1 g
- Monounsaturated Fat: 0.04 g
- Trans Fat: 0 g
- Protein: 2.2 g
- Cholesterol: 0 mg
- Sodium: mg (% DV*)
- Folate: 148 mcg (37% DV)
- Manganese: 0.4 mg (22% DV)
- Potassium: 442 mg (13% DV)
- Vitamin C: 6.7 mg (11% DV)
- Magnesium: 31.3 mg (8% DV)
- Iron: 1.1 mg (6% DV)
- Vitamin B6: 0.1 mg (5% DV)
- Phosphorus: 54.4 mg (5% DV)
- Copper: 0.1 mg (5% DV)
*Daily Value: Percentages are based on a diet of 2,000 calories a day.
Benefits
1. Boosts Athletic Performance
Beet juice can increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and has also been found to reduce the amount of oxygen that muscles require in order to function optimally. This means that consuming beetroot provides an increase in energy, performance and stamina.
A 2012 study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics suggests that the consumption of nitrate-rich, whole beetroot improves running performance in healthy adults. In the study, 11 healthy and athletic men and women were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial evaluation.
Participants underwent two five-kilometer treadmill time trials in random sequence, one 75 minutes after consuming baked beetroot and one 75 minutes after consuming cranberry relish as a eucaloric placebo. Based on paired tests, mean running velocity during the run tended to be faster after beetroot consumption.
During the last 1.1 miles of the run, running velocity was 5 percent faster in the beetroot trial. No differences in exercise heart rate were observed between trials, but rating of perceived exertion was lower with beetroot.
Another study published in 2014 by Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise found that nitrate-rich beetroot juice enhanced the time trial performance of trained cyclists using devices that simulate altitude.
The ingestion of beetroot served as a practical and effective enhancing agent for endurance exercise at higher altitude. The nine competitive amateur male cyclists involved in the study were most influenced by 70 milliliters of beetroot three hours before a performance trial composed of 15 minutes of steady exercise at 60 percent maximum work rate.
2. Powerful Antioxidant
Beet juice has been considered a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Its constituents, most notably the betalain pigments, display potent antioxidant, chemo-preventive and anti-inflammatory activity.
According to research, beetroot juice might serve as a useful strategy to strengthen internal antioxidant defenses, helping protect cellular components from oxidative damage. When certain types of oxygen molecules are allowed to travel freely in the body, they cause what is known as free radical damage.
Oxidative damage has been linked to health conditions like heart disease, cancer and dementia. This is why consuming high-antioxidant foods regularly is so important.
A scientific review conducted in 2015 indicates that the most abundant betalain found in beetroot, betanin, was the most effective inhibitor of oxidative stress.
Betanin’s impressive antioxidant activity appeared to stem from its exceptional electron contributing capacity and ability to defuse highly reactive radicals targeting cell membranes. This suggests that beetroot juice and beetroot juice supplements protect against oxidative damage to DNA, lipid and protein structures.
3. Lowers Blood Pressure
Because beets are rich in natural chemicals called nitrates, through a chain reaction, your body changes nitrates into nitric oxide, which helps with blood flow and blood pressure. A 2012 study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that a low dose of beetroot demonstrated significant hypotensive effects.
The results of this study suggest that beetroot consumption remarkably lowered systolic blood pressure (when heart muscles contract) and diastolic blood pressure (when heart muscles relax) over a period of 24 hours when compared with a water control group.
Another 2012 study involved 15 men and 15 women who received 500 grams of beetroot and apple juice or a placebo juice. During the evaluation, it was clear that beetroot and apple juice lowered systolic blood pressure, as indicated with measurements six hours after juice consumption.
This was especially true for men, who showed a more significant reduction in blood pressure levels. A 2020 study on the functional properties of Beta vulgaris in the management of cardio-metabolic diseases also suggests that beetroot juice has significant blood pressure-lowing effects and is associated with a reduction of mortality rate.
Overall, researchers concluded that beetroot juice is one of the best foods to lower blood pressure levels naturally when consumed as part of a normal diet in healthy adults.
4. Aids Detoxification
Beetroot juice serves as a natural blood cleaner. It’s able to help the body detox and cleanse the blood of heavy metals, toxins and waste due to a compound called glutathione. Glutathione is essential for detoxification within the liver and other digestive organs.
Additionally, the fiber content in beetroot juice helps sweep the digestive tract of waste and toxins while restoring healthy and regular bowel movements.
It’s the betalains in beetroot that help to form glutathione — enabling the body to neutralize toxins and make them water-soluble, meaning they can be excreted through urine and flushed out of the body.
Beet juice is also a powerful tool for cleansing and supporting liver function, which has been shown in animal studies that evaluate the protective effects of the extract on liver damage. It’s important to keep the liver at optimal function because it filters our blood and is responsible for the largest percentage of detoxification in the body.
It works tirelessly to detoxify our blood, produce the bile needed to digest fat, break down hormones, and store essential vitamins, minerals and iron.
With impaired liver function, juicing vegetables has the added benefit of making the vegetables easier to digest and more readily available for absorption. Drinking beetroot juice for a liver cleanse also helps reduce acid levels in the body, helping create a more friendly pH balance.
5. Supports Cognitive Health
Drinking beetroot juice increases blood flow to the brain in older people, which may be able to serve as a natural way to stave off Alzheimer’s and fight the progression of dementia and other cognitive conditions.
The nitrates in beetroot juice are converted into nitrites by bacteria in the mouth. These nitrites help open blood vessels in the body, increasing blood flow and oxygen to places lacking in oxygen.
As we age, there are areas in the brain that become poorly perfused, meaning there is not enough blood flowing through those areas. This is what may lead to cognitive conditions like dementia.
A study done by Wake Forest researchers at the Translational Science Center evaluated how dietary nitrates affected 14 adults age 70 and older over a period of four days. The MRIs done at the end of the four-day testing period showed that after eating a high-nitrate diet, the older adults had increased blood flow to the white matter of the frontal lobes. This is the area of the brain that is commonly associated with degeneration that leads to dementia and other cognitive issues.
Similarly, a 2016 study performed by Wake Forest University researchers explored the effects of drinking beetroot juice before a workout. The study observed 26 men and women, 55 years of age and older, who did not exercise, had high blood pressure and took two or less medications for hypertension.
Three times a week for six weeks, they drank a beetroot juice supplement one hour before a moderately intense 50-minute walk on a treadmill. Half the participants received a supplement containing 560 milligrams of nitrate while the others received a placebo with very little nitrate.
Researchers found that the beetroot group “had brain networks that more closely resembled those of younger adults, showing the potential enhanced neuroplasticity conferred by combining exercise and beetroot juice consumption.”
6. Fights Diabetes
Beets contain an antioxidant known as alpha lipoic acid, which has been shown to lower glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity and prevent oxidative stress-induced changes in patients with diabetes. Research published in 2020 found that beetroot juice supplementation holds promise in controlling diabetes and insulin homeostasis.
According to researchers, alpha lipoic acid “terminates free radicals, chelates transition metal ions, increases nutrients like cytosolic glutathione and vitamin C levels, and prevents toxicities associated with their loss.” This means that beetroot juice is able to reduce the oxidative stress that has the power to destroy healthy cells in the body.
Beet juice is also rich in fiber, so it keeps toxins and wastes moving through the digestive system properly. When the pancreas does not produce proper amounts of insulin, or if cells cannot properly process insulin, this results in diabetes.
High-fiber foods, like beetroot, help slow down glucose absorption — giving the body time to process the insulin.
7. High Source of Folate
Numerous sources show that folate consumption is important because it helps the body make new cells, specifically by playing a role in copying and synthesizing DNA. A folate deficiency can cause anemia (poorly formed red blood cells), a weakened immune function and poor digestion.
Pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding, people with liver disease, people who are on medications for diabetes, alcoholics and people on kidney dialysis are most at risk of a folate deficiency. High-folic acid foods, like beetroot, lentils, spinach and chickpeas, help ensure a healthy pregnancy, fight to prevent cancer and support cardiovascular health.
Risks and Side Effects
You may have noticed in the past that your urine actually turns somewhat pink or red after consuming beets. This isn’t anything to worry about because it’s completely normal, as about 15 percent of the population reacts to compounds in beets this way.
Beetroot contains oxalates, which prevent calcium from being absorbed by the body, thereby allowing it to build up as stones in the kidney. If you get kidney stones because of too much calcium, you may be advised to cut down on oxalates in your diet.
Some research has shown that this effect could potentially indicate a problem with absorbing iron, so if you have concerns about either being too rich or too low in iron and experience this effect after consuming beets, you may want to speak you’re your doctor about having an iron test completed if you have been feeling sluggish, fatigued and showing signs of iron deficiency.
How to Make Beetroot Juice
Beetroot juice is one of the best foods for athletes, as adding it into your regular diet is an excellent way to increase energy and performance. Plus, it improves cardiovascular, digestive and cognitive health.
If you are participating in an athletic event, eating or juicing beets about two and a half hours beforehand is a good idea. You can also add ginger to your recipe to support healthy digestion and add flavor.
If you add beetroot juice into your regular diet, drink it in between meals or along with any meal for a nutritional punch.
Raw beetroot is firm, crunchy and mildly sweet-tasting. Beets make an excellent addition to juices because when eaten raw, you do not lose any of their important compounds.
Beetroot can be an acquired taste, so add other vegetables to your beetroot juice. Celery, cucumber and apple are good choices, and you can also add lemon or ginger to sweeten the taste of raw beetroot juice.
When preparing the beets, choose smaller ones from your local grocery store. The smaller beets are typically sweeter.
Make sure to wash them thoroughly, and if the skin is rough, peel away the first layer before adding it to a blender or juicer. If using a blender at home, simply keep it running until pulp is smooth.
You can add ginger to your beet juice recipe for additional perks and flavor, as it’s a good digestive aid and anti-inflammatory food.
Try this sweet beet juice recipe to start. This high energy juice recipe also includes beets.
History
Beet greens were thought to be first consumed in Africa, thousands of years ago. The popularity of the root vegetables then spread to the Asian and European regions, with the Ancient Roman populations some of the first people to harvest beets and eat their brightly colored roots.
From the 16th to the 19th century, beets became more widespread, and they were used in various ways. For example, their bright juices were used as food dyes, and their sugars quickly became noticed as a source of concentrated sweetness.
By the 19th century, beets were used as a means for extracting and refining sugar.
This continued to be a popular method for making cane sugar throughout Europe, eventually spreading to the United States, where today beets are still used in this way. Thankfully, the nutritious perks of beets and beetroot juice are gaining notice, and more studies are being conducted to prove their amazing capabilities.
The largest producers of beets today are the United States, Russia and European nations such as France, Poland and Germany.
Conclusion
- Beetroot leaves were historically consumed, even though they are the more bitter-tasting part of the plant. Drinking beetroot juice introduces a greater concentration of nutrients, including potassium, and is known for its ability to promote detoxification.
- The standard beet juice recipe is easy and can be prepared at home with a blender or juicer. If this is new to you, don’t fret — either add beets to a juicer, or blend them with other healthy veggies, like celery and ginger, until it smooth.
- Beet juice is good for the body, as it promotes detoxification, supports heart health, promotes brain health, fights diabetes and is a good source of micronutrients.
