I am very worried about a friend of mine, who I believe is being emotionally (and perhaps financially) abused by her husband.

I have known her for many years. She has always had quite a self-deprecating style of humour, but since moving in with her now-husband, her comments have become very extreme and are no longer said in a humorous context. Lately, if I ask her for any sort of advice or suggestions (even on very unimportant matters), she will apologise for how stupid she is and call herself all sorts of awful names. Recently, when I met the couple for dinner, she used the wrong word for something, he corrected her quite sharply, and she very quickly apologised to a degree disproportionate to the “wrong” she had done.

She is self-employed while her husband has a steady job and a more well-off family, so while I don’t see any evidence of financial abuse, it worries me that this may be a factor keeping her in the relationship.

I don’t know if I should bring something up with her, or how to go about it. Part of me worries that I am completely off-base and being skewed by my personal dislike of her husband (we disagree on fundamental things), and that bringing anything up would be the end of our friendship. I also know that abusers often manipulate their victims to believe their friends and family are trying to ruin their relationship, and are clever at getting their victims to fall out with those close to them in an effort to isolate them. So I worry about bringing it up with her from that perspective too. I am not in touch with her family, but I doubt they would support her leaving him.

It’s great you are so attentive to your friend, and also seem to understand about domestic abuse. We don’t know, of course, if she’s being abused, but the fact you’ve known her for a long time, and have witnessed her changing since she’s moved in with her partner, is worthy of note. Abuse can often start once a couple move in together, or they get married, or get pregnant.

I went to psychotherapist Erene Hadjiioannou (psychotherapy.org.uk), who has extensive experience working with women in abusive situations. As you naturally sense, how you bring this up is important, so as not to alienate her or play into a narrative her partner may have fed her.

Although some survivors of abuse retrospectively say they wish someone had asked them outright if it was happening, for many it can be too direct a question, causing panic and defensiveness. So the language used is important. Hadjiioannou advised finding a time you feel you can talk to your friend safely, starting with something like, “I’ve noticed you’re a bit quieter/stressed recently”, that might lead into a [wider] conversation. If your friend says she is stupid, Hadjiioannou suggests something like: “I don’t see you like that, actually I see you like this…” to introject a positive sense of self when this might not be happening elsewhere. When you’re meeting up with her, Hadjiioannou also suggests saying: “What do you feel like doing today?” Abuse is disempowering and if your friend isn’t experiencing freedom of choice and personal power at home, this might encourage her to get a little of what she needs wherever possible.

READ RELATED: I love my partner but I can’t satisfy her sexually. Now she is threatening to leave me

The other thing to remember is, if she’s being abused, don’t expect her to tell you about it all in one conversation; your friend is likely be very confused about what’s happening and be trying to “make it all right” for herself in her head. Standing by (I like to think of it as “standing with”) when you think someone is being abused is very difficult – so make sure you look after yourself too. But it’s important to keep the friendship going if you can, even if at times you don’t agree with her choices.

“Silence is huge in perpetrating lots of different types of abuse,” says Hadjiioannou, “and lots of survivors internalise that experience as shame. So thinking ‘How can I empower the person [being abused]’ is a good idea, and sometimes that means keeping the door open on a relationship where they can learn that they can say anything, at their own pace.”

Regarding the financial situation, that may indeed be keeping her there, but abusers are also very clever at making their partners think nobody else will want them or that the abuse is their fault. What keeps victims and survivors of abuse with their partners is very, very complicated.

As you probably know, but it’s worth repeating, telling her to “just leave him” isn’t an easy option for people experiencing abuse. If it were, they’d have done it. Also, a woman is most at risk at the point of leaving, so if it comes to it, this too needs careful planning. Please see links for more information. Anyone in a critical situation should ring 999.

24-hour domestic abuse helpline: 0808 2000 247
womensaid.org.uk

Every week Annalisa Barbieri addresses a personal problem sent in by a reader. If you would like advice from Annalisa, please send your problem to [email protected]. Annalisa regrets she cannot enter into personal correspondence. Submissions are subject to our terms and conditions.

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