Historically, adoptive cell transfer therapies with CAR cytotoxic T cells have proven effective for treating hematologic malignancies. Jaume and his team attempted to replicate an equally effective experimental treatment for type 1 diabetes using instead non-cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory Tregs.
“The purpose of this study was to determine if pancreatic beta-cell, target-specific, human CAR Tregs could also identify human pancreatic beta cells (target) and home to human pancreatic islets (where beta cells live) in culture as they do in mice undergoing CAR Treg treatment for T1D,” Jaume said.
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The researchers drew blood one to two weeks prior to pancreas surgery, followed by a collection of a small piece of the pancreas (5 cc wedge) after the pancreas was removed for a clinically indicated reason (cancer or pancreatitis).
Beta Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
First, they isolated Tregs from the blood samples and expanded them in vitro. Those cells were genetically modified to express a beta-cell, target-specific CAR combined with Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) marker.
Second, the researchers processed the pancreas tissue for islet separation.
Then, they co-cultured the human pancreatic islets combined with the beta-cell, target-specific CAR Tregs.
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Within 24 hours, confocal microscopy demonstrated the successful migration of the GFP positive, CAR Tregs onto the pancreatic islets. What’s more, the CAR Tregs significantly proliferated while in physical contact with the pancreatic islets in the subsequent 72 hours.
“Based on our mice and human in-vitro data, we believe treatment with pancreatic beta-cell, target-specific, CAR-Tregs will allow for recovery and reconstitution of beta cells in human T1D patients as well,” Jaume said.
Source: Eurekalert
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